Coffee Lake processors

9th Gen Coffee Lake series processors

At Computex this year, Intel announced that it would release a new S-series processor by the end of the year. It's time for that. Coffee Lake started as 8th gen six-core processors and now this is expanding towards eight-core processors. These are based on the LGA1151 socket and will require a Z370 or new Z390 motherboard chipset. They all have a TDP at 95W. There will be two 8-core models and one 6-core version. The 9600K and 9700K will not get hyper-threading enabled, the Core i9 9900K as tested in this review however does.

 
While not mandatory, the Z390 chipset based motherboards are recommended for the 8-core parts. These have an improved VRM design. The Coffee Lake 9000 are also based on a 14nm fabrication node, now with desktop in a 6-core and 8-core models. The initial three launched are all K models (which are unlocked) in this Coffee Lake-S (9th generation series.

Architecture changes

The Coffee Lake series processors are a refresh of the existing architecture and as such, the core basis is the same (as well as IPC). If we look back a little further, Coffee Lake-S shares design elements found in the Kaby lake and Skylake architecture, but now scaled upwards to 6 and 8-cores. The processor series is fabbed at 14nm.

Intel processor caches then, for Coffee Lake the L2 cache is 256 kB per core. The L3 cache is dependent on cores, but also whether or not the proc has SMT (Hyper-threading) enabled. 

• 9900K - 8c/8t has 16MB L3
• 9700K - 8c/8t has 12MB L3
• 9600K - 6c/6t has 9MB L3

So yes, Intel is tweaking L3 caches based on SMT and number of cores. With the processors, you will also see two Turbo modes dubbed 2.0 and 3.0. We’ll keep it simple, but basically, with Turbo mode 3.0 one thread will clock higher whereas you use more than one thread. What is new on Z390? Well, two things really. USB 3.1 Gen2 is natively supported, where on the Z370 chipset, motherboard manufacturers housed third-party controllers. The second change is CNVi support, that is Intel's high-speed wireless WIFI. Z390 is compatible with Gen 8 series processors as well.

If you already purchased a Z370 motherboard with the LGA 1151 socket can re-use it with the 9th Gen Six-core processors. Z390 might be preferred for the 8-core parts but is not mandatory and should work fine on most Z370 motherboards as well (after a BIOS upgrade). There are only small changes that you will need to be aware of. Z390 encompasses Intel Wireless AC WIFI, upgrades the chipset with USB 3.1 Gen2 (six ports). And yes, that pretty much is it. The Z390 board will have a more advanced VRM design to better cope with the 8-core processors. The Z390 chipset has high-speed I/O lanes with port flexibility with up to 24 PCIe 3.0 lanes from the chipset for connections in the IO like SATA, M2, USB and so onwards. 

The Processor and PCI-Express

• Coffee lake Quad, Six and Eight core procs get 16 PCI-Express Lanes 3.0
• Kaby Lake-X Quad core procs get 16 PCI-Express Lanes 3.0
• Skylake-X six and eight core procs get 28 PCI-Express Lanes 3.0
• Skylake-X ten core procs gets 44 PCI-Express Lanes 3.0

The Coffee Lake procs will support dual-channel DDR4 and 16 PCIe 3.0 Lanes. The new platform also offers support for Intel Optane. The chipset will add additional PCI-e lanes for your storage connectivity. In-between the processor and the chipset is an updated DMI (revision 3.0) link (equivalent to a full PCIe 3.0 x4 link). Now you will probably have noticed that many motherboards will offer two or three M2 storage units. So how would that work out with a X16 gen 3.0 processor you wonder? Well, the Z390 chipset offers 24 PCIe Lanes. Here extra 3rd party SATA / USB controllers and thus M2 storage units can draw their bandwidth from.