No, it shouldnt. USB uses the CPU so that should be the only hit but there should be no difference in noticeable performance. I just hate that companies arent going all in for 10GbE I wont upgrade my router or anything till everything is 10GbE. ive had 1GbE since 2005....
well they cant over USB 3.0, the requirements for full 10GB nic is at least Thunderbolt 2, and Network cards for PCs are cheap but decent 10GB switches are still pricey for it to be mainstream.